Resumen
El tráfico leucocitario es el proceso altamente regulado mediante el cual las células inmunitarias migran entre el sistema vascular y los tejidos, cumpliendo funciones de vigilancia inmunológica en condiciones de homeostasis y facilitando respuestas inflamatorias en caso de lesión o infección, promoviendo la eliminación de agentes dañinos y contribuyendo a la reparación tisular. La regulación de este tráfico depende de señales locales que inducen cambios en el sistema capilar, facilitando la adhesión y la extravasación de leucocitos a través de la cascada de adhesión leucocitaria, la cual es mediada por moléculas de adhesión en la superficie celular de leucocitos y células vasculares. En esta actualización revisamos el conjunto de señales quimiotácticas que atraen a los leucocitos al sitio de daño y las implicaciones patológicas de la desregulación del tráfico leucocitario, así como una puesta al día respecto a su relación con el envejecimiento y los tratamientos farmacológicos que lo regulan.
Palabras clave
Tráfico leucocitario
Quimiotaxis
Quimiocinas
Moléculas de adquisición
Inflamación
Extravasación
Abstract
Leukocyte trafficking is the highly regulated process by which immune cells migrate between the vascular system and tissues. They perform immune surveillance functions under conditions of homeostasis and facilitate inflammatory responses in the event of injury or infection, promoting the elimination of harmful agents and contributing to tissue repair. The regulation of this traffic depends on local signals that induce changes in the capillary system, facilitating leukocyte adhesion and extravasation through the leukocyte adhesion cascade, which is mediated by adhesion molecules on the cell surface of leukocytes and vascular cells. This update will review the set of chemotactic signals that attract leukocytes to the site of injury and the pathological implications of leukocyte trafficking dysregulation as well as provide an update regarding their relationship to aging and the pharmacological treatments that regulate it.
Keywords
Leukocyte trafficking
Chemotaxis
Chemokines
Acquisition molecules
Inflammation
Extravasation
Identifíquese
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