Vol. 12. Núm. 91.
Páginas 5339-5351 (Noviembre 2019)

Actualización
Patología infecciosa aguda de foco otorrinolaringológico

Acute infectious disease of otolaryngology focus

C. VaduvaaJ.I. Tato GómezaD. Mora ZaidaT. Rivera-Rodríguezabc
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2019.11.021
Opciones
Resumen

Las infecciones de la esfera otorrinolaringológica son la causa más común de prescripción de antibióticos y uno de los motivos más frecuentes de consulta en Atención Primaria. Entre ellas destacan la otitis media aguda y externa difusa, las faringitis agudas y las rinosinusitis agudas. Son de evolución autolimitada y generalmente de etiología vírica, por ello sus complicaciones son poco frecuentes. En la actualidad, el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos predispone a la aparición de resistencias bacterianas en la población. Debido a esto, la decisión de prescripción de antibióticos, hoy día, debe ser más prudente, para ello existen numerosas estrategias diagnósticas que se exponen a continuación. En la presente actualización, destacamos los factores etiológicos y fisiopatológicos de cada infección, así como la estrategia diagnóstica y terapéutica a aplicar en Atención Primaria. Las complicaciones de cada patología y las indicaciones de derivación para ser valoradas por especialistas del área ORL.

Palabras clave
Infecciones ORL
Otitis
Faringoamigdalitis
Sinusitis
Abstract

Infections are the most common cause of antibiotic prescription and one of the most frequent reasons for consultation in Primary Care. Among them, stand out acute media otitis and diffuse external otitis, acute pharyngitis and acute rhinosinusitis. Commonly they are viral and self-limited, so their complications are rare. Currently, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics have leaded to bacterial resistances; therefore antibiotic prescription should be more careful. Nowadays, several diagnostic strategies are available. In current updated etiological and pathophysiological factors of each infection, diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to be applied in Primary Care as well as the complications of each pathology and the referral indications to be assessed by specialists in the ENT area, will be reviewed.

Keywords
ENT infections
Otitis
Pharyngotonsillitis
Sinusitis

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