Vol. 12. Núm. 37.
Páginas 2217-2223 (Junio 2017)

Actualización
Infarto agudo de miocardio. SCACEST

Acute myocardial infarction. ACSSTE

I. Narváez MayorgaA.M. García de CastroT. Cantón RubioL. Rodríguez Padial
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2017.06.020
Opciones
Resumen
Concepto y etiopatogenia

El concepto de SCA engloba un grupo de entidades que presentan en común la ruptura o erosión de una placa de ateroma en las arterias coronarias. El SCA con elevación persistente del segmento ST (IAMCEST) consiste en la ruptura de la placa de ateroma con la consiguiente oclusión completa de la arteria coronaria que provocará reducción brusca del flujo coronario e infarto del territorio miocárdico irrigado por dicha arteria responsable del infarto.

Manifestaciones clínicas y diagnostico

La manifestación clínica cardinal del SCACEST es el dolor torácico opresivo irradiado a MSI, aunque existen otras formas de presentación incluyendo formas atípicas. Las herramientas clave para el diagnóstico son la clínica, el electrocardiograma (ECG) precoz y la determinación de marcadores de lesión miocárdica (troponina).

Tratamiento

Tras el primer contacto médico del paciente, son necesarias unas medidas de estabilización inicial y tras confirmar el diagnóstico de SCACEST establecer rápidamente la estrategia de revascularización: angioplastia primaria (preferible) o fibrinolisis. El desarrollo de redes asistenciales que conectan hospitales con diversos niveles de asistencia y con los Servicios de Urgencias del 112, minimiza los tiempos y favorecen la revascularización temprana.

Palabras clave
Infarto de miocardio
Angioplastia primaria
Fibrinolisis
Troponina
Abstract
Concept and etiopathogenesis

The term of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of entities that jointly present the rupture or erosion of an atheroma plaque in the coronary arteries. Acute coronary syndrome with persistent ST segment elevation (STEMI) consists of the rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque with consequent occlusion of the coronary artery that will cause abrupt reduction of the coronary flow and infarction of the myocardial territory irrigated by the artery responsible for the infarction.

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis

The main symptom of STEMI is a oppresive chest pain irradiated to MSI, although there are other forms of presentation including atypical forms. The key tools for diagnosis are clinical, electrocardiogram (ECG), and determination of markers of myocardial injury (Troponin).

Treatment

After the patient's first medical contact, initial stabilization measures are necessary, and after confirming the diagnosis of STEMI, promptly establish the revascularization strategy: primary angioplasty (preferable) or fibrinolysis. The development of care networks that connect hospitals with different levels of care and emergency medical system, minimizes delays and favors early revascularization

Keywords
Miocardial infarction
Primary angioplasty
Fibrinolysis
Troponin

Identifíquese

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