Vol. 13. Núm. 7.
Páginas 392-400 (Abril 2020)

Actualización
Esófago de Barrett. Neoplasias esofágicas

Barrett's oesophagus Oesophageal neoplasms

L. Monteserín RonJ.E. Domínguez-Muñoz
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2020.05.004
Opciones
Resumen

El esófago de Barrett representa la principal complicación de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. Se trata de una condición adquirida, en la que se produce un reemplazo del epitelio escamoso esofágico distal presente en condiciones normales por un epitelio cilíndrico con presencia de metaplasia intestinal. Su importancia radica en su potencial para degenerar a adenocarcinoma esofágico, por lo que estos pacientes deben estar sujetos a un seguimiento endoscópico para la detección precoz de displasia o adenocarcinoma. El adenocarcinoma y el carcinoma epidermoide son las dos neoplasias esofágicas malignas más frecuentes, ambas asociadas al hábito tabáquico. El cáncer de esófago es el séptimo tumor más frecuente a nivel mundial, con una elevada tasa de mortalidad, ya que suele cursar asintomático en fases iniciales. Una correcta estadificación nos indicará el tratamiento más adecuado en cada caso.

Palabras clave
Esófago Barrett
Metaplasia intestinal
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma epidermoide
Abstract

Barrett's oesophagus is the main complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. The disease is an acquired condition in which there is the replacement of the distal oesophageal squamous epithelium present in normal conditions by a cylindrical epithelium with the presence of intestinal metaplasia. The importance of this disease lies in its potential to degenerate into oesophageal adenocarcinoma. These patients should therefore undergo endoscopic follow-up for the early detection of dysplasia or adenocarcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the 2 most common malignant oesophageal neoplasms, both of which are associated with smoking. Oesophageal cancer is the seventh most common tumour worldwide and has a high mortality rate, given that it usually progresses asymptomatically in the initial phases. Proper staging will indicate the most appropriate treatment in each case.

Keywords
Barrett's oesophagus
Intestinal metaplasia
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma

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