Vol. 13. Núm. 16.
Páginas 900-910 (Septiembre 2020)

Actualización
Complicaciones microvasculares de la diabetes

Microvascular complications of diabetes

P. García-OcañaL. Cobos-PalaciosL.F. Caballero-Martínez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2020.09.012
Opciones
Resumen

Las complicaciones microvasculares asociadas a la diabetes mellitus son aquellas que se desarrollan en el lecho capilar, secundarias fundamentalmente a la hiperglucemia crónica, y el conjunto de procesos fisiopatológicos que esta genera. La duración y gravedad de la hiperglucemia crónica son el principal condicionante del riesgo de desarrollarla, asociado al resto de factores de riesgo vascular, siendo la hipertensión arterial el que más parece influir en el desarrollo y la progresión. Las principales manifestaciones de las alteraciones microvasculares relacionadas con la DM son la retinopatía, la nefropatía y la neuropatía. Se han estandarizado métodos de cribado para su detección precoz a través de Atención Primaria. Es posible prevenir o retrasar la progresión de dichas complicaciones mediante dieta, ejercicio y un control glucémico intensivo, así como del resto de factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Palabras clave
Retinopatía
Neuropatía
Nefropatía
Abstract

Microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus are those appearing in capillary bed secondaries to chronic hyperglycemia and to pathophysiological processes triggered. The main risk factors are duration and severity of chronic hyperglycemia, together with remaining vascular risk factors (arterial hypertension seems to be the most influential in its development and progression). Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are the mainly microvascular complications of diabetes. Early detection is performed in Primary Care by standardized screening methods. Diet, physical exercise, and intensive control of glycemia and of the rest of vascular risk factors make possible to prevent or to delay of these complications.

Keywords
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
Nephropathy

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