Resumen
Concepto
Las vasculitis sistémicas son enfermedades heterogéneas y complejas caracterizadas por la inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos. A menudo suponen un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.
ClasificaciónEn esta actualización se introducen los principales elementos que forman parte de su definición y su categorización en vasculitis de vaso grande, vasculitis de vaso mediano y vasculitis de vaso pequeño. Esta estratificación es útil para ayudar al clínico en el diagnóstico diferencial, en base al territorio vascular donde se sospecha la vasculitis y las técnicas (imagen trasversal, imagen metabólica, arteriografía, biopsia) necesarias para evidenciarla.
Vasculitis de gran vasoSe describen con detalle los principales aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y pronósticos de las vasculitis de gran vaso: arteritis de células gigantes y arteritis de Takayasu.
Vascultis de pequeño vasoSe inicia también la descripción de las vasculitis de vaso pequeño y, dentro de ellas, se exponen con detalle las vasculitis por complejos inmunes más frecuentes: la vasculitis criglobulinémica y la vasculitis por IgA.
Palabras clave
Clasificación
Diagnóstico
Arteritis de células gigantes
Arteritis de Takayasu
Vasculitis crioglobulinémica
Vasculitis por IgA (púrpura de Shönlein-Henoch)
Abstract
Systemic vasculitis
Large vessel vasculitis: giant cell arteritis and Takayasu's arteritis. Small vessel vasculitis: cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and IgA vasculitis
ConceptThe systemic vasculitides encompass a complex and heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by blood vessel inflammation. Vasculitis often constitutes a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
ClassificationThis chapter depicts the principal elements involved in their definition and categorization into large, medium and small vessel vasculitis. This categorization is helpful to the clinician for differential diagnosis on the basis of the vascular territory where vascular inflammation is suspected and the techniques required for its confirmation (cross-sectional imaging, metabolic imaging, angiography, histopathology).
Large vessel vasculitisThe main epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of large vessel vasculitis, including giant-cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis, are described in detail.
Small vessel vasculitisDepiction of small vessel vasculitis is also addressed with focus on the most frequent immune-complex mediated vasculitis: cryoglobulinemic vasculitis and IgA vasculitis.
Keywords
Classification
Diagnosis
Giant-cell arteritis
Takayasu arteritis
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Shönlein purpura)
Identifíquese
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