Vol. 14. Núm. 1.
Páginas 11-20 (Enero 2024)

Actualización
Esofagitis infecciosa y esofagitis por cáusticos

Infectious esophagitis and corrosive esophagitis

C. Trueba ColladoA. Castellano LópezM.I. Higuera Fernández
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.01.002
Opciones
Resumen

La esofagitis se define como la afectación del revestimiento esofágico caracterizada por inflamación y daño tisular. La esofagitis infecciosa constituye la tercera causa de esta patología a nivel mundial, siendo la esofagitis por Candida la causa más frecuente. Suele aparecer en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, y el diagnóstico se realiza principalmente mediante técnicas endoscópicas y muestras histológicas. La esofagitis por cáusticos es una causa de esofagitis más infrecuente, aunque puede presentarse como una afectación esofágica grave con complicaciones a corto y largo plazo, con gran impacto en la calidad de vida del paciente. La endoscopia tiene un papel relevante en el diagnóstico y el pronóstico con la clasificación de Zargar, tanto en el manejo agudo como en el tratamiento de las complicaciones posteriores.

Palabras clave
Esofagitis infecciosa
Esofagitis cáustica
Disfagia
Abstract

Esophagitis is defined as involvement of the esophageal lining characterized by inflammation and tissue damage. Infectious esophagitis is the third leading cause of this disease worldwide, with esophagitis due to Candida being the most frequent cause. It usually appears in immunosuppressed patients. The diagnosis is made mainly through endoscopic techniques and histological specimens. Corrosive esophagitis is a rarer cause of esophagitis, although it can present as severe esophageal involvement with short- and long-term complications and a big impact on the patient's quality of life. Endoscopy with the Zargar classification plays a relevant role in the diagnosis and prognosis in both acute management and the treatment of subsequent complications.

Keywords
Infectious esophagitis
Corrosive esophagitis
Dysphagia

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