Vol. 14. Núm. 47.
Páginas 2799-2811 (Enero 2026)

Actualización
Dermatosis eritematodescamativas (II). Liquen plano, pitiriasis rubra pilaris y eritrodermia

Erythematosquamous dermatoses (II): lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, and erythroderma

M. Centeno PonsabA. Barquín RuizabJ. Aramberri AraizabM.A. Ballester Martínezab
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2025.12.003
Opciones
Resumen

Las dermatosis eritematodescamativas comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades inflamatorias de la piel que se caracterizan por la presencia de eritema y descamación. Entre ellas, destacan el liquen plano (LP), la pitiriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) y la eritrodermia por su complejidad diagnóstica y terapéutica. El LP es una dermatosis inflamatoria crónica mediada por linfocitos T, con pápulas violáceas pruriginosas de distribución simétrica. La PRP es una enfermedad infrecuente de causa desconocida que se manifiesta con áreas de eritema y descamación, con islotes de piel respetada y pápulas foliculares, pudiendo evolucionar a eritrodermia. La eritrodermia, en sí misma, representa una forma grave de inflamación cutánea difusa que puede derivar de múltiples dermatosis o presentarse denovo, pudiéndose asociar a alteraciones sistémicas significativas. El diagnóstico requiere una cuidadosa correlación clínica y patológica. El tratamiento del LP suele basarse en corticoides tópicos o sistémicos. La PRP puede requerir retinoides orales. La eritrodermia exige identificación etiológica, soporte sistémico y tratamiento específico según la causa subyacente.

Palabras clave
Liquen plano
Pitiriasis rubra pilaris
Eritrodermia
Dermatosis eritematodescamativas
Abstract

Erythematosquamous dermatoses comprise a heterogeneous group of inflammatory skin diseases characterized by the presence of erythema and scaling. Among them, lichen planus (LP), pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP), and erythroderma are of note due to their diagnostic and therapeutic complexity. LP is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis mediated by T lymphocytes, with symmetrically distributed pruritic violaceous papules. PRP is a rare disease of an unknown cause that manifests with areas of erythema and scaling with islands of unaffected skin and follicular papules; it may progress to erythroderma. Erythroderma itself is a severe form of diffuse skin inflammation that can result from multiple dermatoses or occur de novo. It may be associated with significant systemic alterations. Diagnosis requires careful clinical and pathological correlation. Treatment of LP is usually based on topical or systemic corticosteroids. PRP may require oral retinoids. Erythroderma requires etiological identification, systemic support, and specific treatment according to the underlying cause.

Keywords
Lichen planus
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Erythroderma
Erythematosquamous dermatoses

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