Resumen
El carcinoma hepatocelular es el tumor primario hepático más frecuente y su incidencia está en progresivo ascenso. Es la segunda causa de muerte relacionada con cáncer y se desarrolla fundamentalmente en pacientes con cirrosis hepática. Las causas más frecuentes son la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C y B, el alcohol y las aflatoxinas. En la actualidad, la enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa está cobrando un papel muy relevante, especialmente en países desarrollados. El cribado mediante ecografía es fundamental en las poblaciones de riesgo para detectar el hepatocarcinoma en estadio precoz. El diagnóstico se establece principalmente mediante técnicas de imagen e histología en los casos que sea preciso. Teniendo en cuenta las variables clínicas (sintomatología asociada al tumor y comorbilidades), la función hepática y la carga tumoral, podremos orientar el tratamiento más apropiado en cada caso.
Palabras clave
Carcinoma hepatocelular
Cirrosis hepática
Clasificación BCLC
Sorafenib
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the commonest primary liver cancer and its incidence is gradually rising. Is the second cause of cancer mortality, mainly appearing in cirrhosis patients. Chronic infection with hepatitis C and B viruses, alcohol and aflatoxins are the commoner causes. Nowadays, liver fatty disease is becoming an important cause, mainly in developed countries. On risky population, ultrasound screening is essential for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Diagnostic basics are imaging tests and, if required, histopathology. According to clinical variables (tumor associated symptoms and comorbidities), and liver function, the most suitable treatment strategy is established.
Keywords
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cirrhosis
BCLC classification
Sorafenib
Identifíquese
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