Vol. 12. Núm. 46.
Páginas 2731-2742 (Diciembre 2017)

Actualización
Tratamiento de la depresión

Depression treatment

M.A. Álvarez-MonV. PereiraF. Ortuño
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2017.12.001
Opciones
Resumen
Introducción

El trastorno depresivo mayor es el principal de los trastornos depresivos recogidos en el DSM-5. Afecta a poblaciones de cualquier edad y sexo, y se manifiesta con síntomas cognitivos, conductuales y afectivos. El riesgo suicida es elevado.

Tratamientos farmacológicos

Existen numerosos fármacos eficaces en los trastornos depresivos que se clasifican según su mecanismo de acción. Destacan los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de la serotonina (ISRS) por su eficacia y seguridad.

Tratamientos no farmacológicos

Entre los tratamientos de neuromodulación, la terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC) es una alternativa eficaz en casos resistentes al tratamiento farmacológico. Por otra parte, cambios en el estilo de vida y algunas intervenciones psicoterapéuticas pueden resultar de utilidad en muchos pacientes.

Protocolo de tratamiento

Los ISRS son la primera línea en la depresión mayor, pudiendo utilizarse otros fármacos como sustitutos o coadyuvantes en líneas posteriores de tratamiento. La TEC debe considerarse en depresión resistente en adultos y en mujeres embarazadas.

Palabras clave
Trastorno depresivo mayor
Inhibidores selectivos de recaptación de serotonina
Psicoterapia
Terapia electroconvulsiva
Abstract
Introduction

Major depressive disorder is the main depressive disorder included in DSM-5. It affects people of all ages and both sexes, and manifests with cognitive, behavioural and affective changes. The risk of suicide is high.

Drug treatment

There are several effective drugs for depressive disorders that are classified according to their mechanism of action. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are at the forefront in terms of efficacy and safety.

Non-drug treatment

Of the neuromodulation techniques, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective alternative for cases that are refractory to drug treatment. Moreover, lifestyle changes and some psychotherapeutic interventions can be useful for many patients.

Treatment protocol

SSRI are the first-line treatment for major treatment, and other drugs can be used as substitutes or adjuvants in subsequent treatment lines. ECT should be considered for treatment-refractory depression in adults and pregnant women.

Keywords
Major depressive disorder
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Psychotherapy
Electroconvulsive therapy

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