Vol. 14. Núm. 14.
Páginas 791-802 (Junio 2024)

Actualización
Hipotiroidismo

Hypothyroidism

C. SagerM. López-RuanoS. Jiménez-BlancoA. Justel-Enríquez
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2024.07.003
Opciones
Resumen

El hipotiroidismo es una de las patologías endocrinológicas más prevalentes en la práctica clínica habitual. La etiología más frecuente a nivel mundial es el déficit de yodo, y en países con ingesta suficiente de yodo es la tiroiditis de Hashimoto. En este sentido, es importante realizar una adecuada anamnesis y exploración física de cara a su diagnóstico, aunque la confirmación viene determinada por el análisis bioquímico. El protocolo de cribado universal consiste en la medición inicial de las cifras de TSH y en caso de alteración las de T4L. Los límites de normalidad de la TSH son controvertidos, continúan siendo objeto de debate a día de hoy y presentan condicionantes asociados como son la gestación o el límite de la normalidad en la población anciana. El tratamiento sustitutivo no siempre está indicado y cuando lo está es de elección la levotiroxina oral.

Palabras clave
Hipotiroidismo
Tiroiditis de Hashimoto
Bocio
Resistencia a hormonas tiroideas
Abstract

Hypothyroidism is one of the most prevalent endocrine diseases in routine clinical practice. The most common etiology worldwide is iodine deficiency. In countries with sufficient iodine intake, it is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In this sense, it is important to take an adequate case history and physical examination for a diagnosis, although confirmation is determined by biochemical analysis. The universal screening protocol consists of the initial TSH measurement and, in case of abnormal values, FT4 measurement. The normal limits for TSH are controversial and continue to be the subject of debate today. They have associated conditioning factors such as pregnancy or the normal limit in the older adult population. Replacement therapy is not always indicated, but when it is, oral levothyroxine is the treatment of choice.

Keywords
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Goiter
Thyroid hormone resistance

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