Vol. 13. Núm. 2.
Páginas 74-81 (Febrero 2020)

Actualización
Gastritis

Gastritis

N. Saura BlascoaV. Laredo LatorreaT. Ramírez GascabA. Ferrández Arenasa
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2020.01.012
Opciones
Resumen

La enfermedad inflamatoria gástrica se puede clasificar de manera general en dos subgrupos: gastritis y gastropatía. La gastritis es un concepto anatomopatológico, debiendo existir inflamación de la mucosa. Aunque existen definiciones clínicas y endoscópicas que complementan su clasificación, no suele haber correlación entre la sintomatología, la histología y las pruebas endoscópicas. Por su parte, la gastropatía es el daño de la mucosa gástrica sin inflamación microscópica o siendo esta mínima. Las causas más comunes de gastritis son la infecciosa por Helicobacter pylori, la atrófica y la gastropatía por ácido acetilsalicílico y otros antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. La biopsia de la mucosa gástrica es necesaria para el diagnóstico de certeza, aunque existen pruebas no invasivas indirectas para el diagnóstico de la infección por H. pylori como la prueba del aliento. No existe un tratamiento estándar ni mucho menos único de la gastritis, ya que depende fundamentalmente de su etiología.

Palabras clave
Gastritis,Gastropatía
Metaplasia intestinal
Helicobacter pylori
Abstract

Inflammatory gastric disease may be generally classified in two subgroups: gastritis and gastropathy. The word «gastritis» refers to anatomopathological concept in which mucosal inflammation is required. Although its classification is supplemented by endoscopic and clinical definitions, commonly, usually no correlations among symptoms, histology and endoscopic tests are found. On the other hand, gastropathy is the injury of the gastric mucosa, in which inflammation is absent or minimal. The most common gastritis causes are: gastritis by Helicobater pylori, atrophic gastritis and chemical gastropathy (caused by acetylsalicylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). To achieved diagnostic certainty, mucosa biopsy is mandatory. However, in H. pillory infection, indirect, non-invasive tests (for example breath test) are available. There is no single standard treatment of gastritis, since it depends fundamentally on its etiology.

Keywords
Gastritis
Gastropathy,Metaplasia intestinal
Helicobacter pylori

Identifíquese

¿Aún no es suscriptor de la revista?

Comprar el acceso al artículo

Comprando el artículo el pdf del mismo podrá ser descargado

Teléfono para incidencias

De lunes a viernes de 9h a 18h (GMT+1) excepto los meses de julio y agosto que será de 9 a 15h

Llamadas desde España 932 415 960
Llamadas desde fuera de España +34 932 415 960
Bibliografía
[1]
202003290629541278
H.A. Carpenter, N.J. Talley.
Gastroscopy is incomplete without biopsy: clinical relevance of distinguishing gastropathy from gastritis.
Gastroenterology., (1995), 108 pp. 917-924
[2]
202003290629541279
M.F. Dixon, R.M. Genta, J.H. Yardley, P. Correa.
Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney System. International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis, Houston 1994.
Am J Surg Pathol [Internet]., (1996), 20 pp. 1161-1181
[3]
S. Isajevs, I. Liepniece-Karele, D. Janciauskas, G. Moisejevs, V. Putnins, K. Funka, et al.
Gastritis staging: interobserver agreement by applying OLGA and OLGIM systems.
Virchows Arch., (2014), 464 pp. 403-407
[4]
World
2020032906295412710
Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics-Eleventh Revision (ICD-11). Reference Guide. 2019.
[5]
K. Borch.
Relationship of gastroscopic features to histological findings in gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in a general population sample.
Endoscopy., (2003), 35 pp. 946-950
[6]
L. Laine, H. Cohen, R. Sloane, M. Marin-Sorensen, W.M. Weinstein.
Interobserver agreement and predictive value of endoscopic findings for H. pylori and gastritis in normal volunteers.
Gastrointest Endosc., (1995), 42 pp. 420-423
[7]
2020032906295412711
2020032906295412712
P. Pimentel-Nunes, D. Libânio, R. Marcos-Pinto, M. Areia, M. Leja, G. Esposito, Management of epithelial precancerous conditions and lesions in the stomach (MAPS II): European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG), European Society of Pathology (ESP), and the Sociedade Portuguesa de En, et al.
Virchows Arch, (2019), 460 pp. 19-46
[8]
2020032906295412713
2020032906295412714
K.L. Goh, W.K. Chan, S. Shiota, Y. Yamaoka.
Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications.
Helicobacter., (2011), 16Suppl1 pp. 1-9
[9]
H.M.T. El-Zimaity, O. Gutierrez, J.G. Kim, T. Akamatsu, I.E. Gürer, A.E. Simjee, et al.
Geographic differences in the distribution of intestinal metaplasia in duodenal ulcer patients.
Am J Gastroenterol., (2001), 96 pp. 666-672
[10]
2020032906295412715
F.-W. Tsay, P.-I. Hsu.
H. pylori infection and extra-gastroduodenal diseases.
J Biomed Sci., (2018), 25 pp. 65
[11]
D.Y. Graham, A. Opekun, G.M. Lew, P.D. Klein, J.H. Walsh.
Helicobacter pylori-associated exaggerated gastrin release in duodenal ulcer patients.
The effect of bombesin infusion and urea ingestion. Gastroenterology., (1991), 100 pp. 1571-1575
[12]
A.C. Wotherspoon, C. Ortiz-Hidalgo, M.R. Falzon, P.G. Isaacson.
Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis and primary B-cell gastric lymphoma.
Lancet., (1991), 338 pp. 1175-1176
[13]
R.M. Genta, G.M. Lew, D.Y. Graham.
Changes in the gastric mucosa following eradication of Helicobacter pylori.
Mod Pathol., (1993), 6 pp. 281-289
[14]
T. Kawai, F. Moriyasu, A. Tsuchida.
Key issues associated with Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Digestion., (2016), 93 pp. 19-23
[15]
2020032906295412716
2020032906295412717
S. Massironi, A. Zilli, A. Elvevi, P. Invernizzi.
The changing face of chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis: an updated comprehensive perspective.
Autoimmun Rev., (2019), 18 pp. 215-222
[16]
2020032906295412718
2020032906295412719
W.L. Neumann, E. Coss, M. Rugge, R.M. Genta.
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis--pathogenesis, pathology and management.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol., (2013), 10 pp. 529-541
[17]
2020032906295412720
D.L. Jacobson, S.J. Gange, N.R. Rose, N.M. Graham.
Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States.
Clin Immunol Immunopathol., (1997), 84 pp. 223-243
[18]
2020032906295412721
M. Carabotti, E. Lahner, G. Esposito, M.C. Sacchi, C. Severi, B. Annibale.
Upper gastrointestinal symptoms in autoimmune gastritis: A cross-sectional study.
Medicine (Baltimore)., (2017), 96 pp. e5784
[19]
E. Lahner, G.L. Norman, C. Severi, S. Encabo, Z. Shums, L. Vannella, et al.
Reassessment of intrinsic factor and parietal cell autoantibodies in atrophic gastritis with respect to cobalamin deficiency.
Am J Gastroenterol., (2009), 104 pp. 2071-2079
[20]
2020032906295412722
S. Sundaresan, A.J. Kang, J.L. Merchant.
Pathophysiology of gastric NETs: role of gastrin and menin.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep., (2017), 19 pp. 32
[21]
B.I. Hirschowitz, J. Griffith, D. Pellegrin, O.W. Cummings.
Rapid regression of enterochromaffinlike cell gastric carcinoids in pernicious anemia after antrectomy.
Gastroenterology., (1992), 102 pp. 1409-1410
[22]
2020032906295412723
2020032906295412724
H. El-Zimaity, W.T. Choi, G.Y. Lauwers, R. Riddell.
The differential diagnosis of helicobacter pylori negative gastritis.
Virchows Arch., (2018), 473 pp. 533-550
[23]
2020032906295412725
2020032906295412726
A.D. Polydorides.
Pathology and differential diagnosis of chronic, noninfectious gastritis.
Semin Diagn Pathol., (2014), 31 pp. 114-123
[24]
C. Mottet, P. Juillerat, V. Pittet, J.J. Gonvers, P. Michetti, J.P. Vader, et al.
Upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease.
Digestion., (2008), 76 pp. 136-140
[25]
N.L. Ectors, M.F. Dixon, K.J. Geboes, P.J. Rutgeerts, V.J. Desmet, G.R. Vantrappen.
Granulomatous gastritis: a morphological and diagnostic approach.
Histopathology., (1993), 23 pp. 55-61
[26]
C. Prussin.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and related eosinophilic disorders.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am., (2014), 43 pp. 317-327
[27]
2020032906295412727
A. Cianferoni, J.M. Spergel.
Eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroenteritis.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep., (2015), 15 pp. 58
[28]
S.T. Leung, V.S. Chandan, J.A. Murray, T.-T. Wu.
Collagenous gastritis.
Am J Surg Pathol., (2009), 33 pp. 788-798
[29]
2020032906295412728
Z. Vesoulis, G. Lozanski, P. Ravichandran, E. Esber.
Collagenous gastritis: a case report, morphologic evaluation, and review.
Mod Pathol., (2000), 13 pp. 591-596
[30]
2020032906295412729
K. Kamimura, M. Kobayashi, Y. Sato, Y. Aoyagi, S. Terai.
Collagenous gastritis: Review.
World J Gastrointest Endosc., (2015), 7 pp. 265-273
[31]
J. Haot, L. Hamichi, L. Wallez, P. Mainguet.
Lymphocytic gastritis: a newly described entity: a retrospective endoscopic and histological study.
Gut., (1988), 29 pp. 1258-1264
[32]
N.W.G. Lambrecht.
Ménétrier's disease of the stomach: A clinical challenge.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep., (2011), 13 pp. 513-517
[33]
D.J. Frommer, J. Carrick, A. Lee, S.L. Hazell.
Acute presentation of Campylobacter pylori gastritis.
Am J Gastroenterol., (1988), 83 pp. 1168-1171
[34]
G.A. Rocha, D.M. Queiroz, E.N. Mendes, A.J. Barbosa, G.F. Lima Júnior, C.A. Oliveira.
Helicobacter pylori acute gastritis: histological, endoscopical, clinical, and therapeutic features.
Am J Gastroenterol., (1991), 86 pp. 1592-1595
[35]
A. Morris, G. Nicholson.
Ingestion of Campylobacter pyloridis causes gastritis and raised fasting gastric pH.
Am J Gastroenterol., (1987), 82 pp. 192-199
[36]
2020032906295412730
M.A. Montoro Huguet, J.C. García Pagán.
Práctica clínica en gastroenterología y hepatología.
CTO Editorial, (2016),
[37]
2020032906295412731
G.C. Marrone, W. Silen.
Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of acute gastric mucosal lesions.
Clin Gastroenterol., (1984), 13 pp. 635-650
[38]
W. Silen.
The clinical problem of stress ulcers.
Clin Invest Med., (1987), 10 pp. 270-274
[39]
S.Y. Nam, I.J. Choi, K.W. Park, K.H. Ryu, B.C. Kim, D.K. Sohn, et al.
Risk of hemorrhagic gastropathy associated with colonoscopy bowel preparation using oral sodium phosphate solution.
Endoscopy., (2010), 42 pp. 109-113
[40]
2020032906295412732
M. Sinha, L. Gautam, P.K. Shukla, P. Kaur, S. Sharma, T.P. Singh.
Current perspectives in NSAID-induced gastropathy.
Mediators Inflamm., (2013), 2013 pp. 258209
[41]
S. Niemelä.
Duodenogastric reflux in patients with upper abdominal complaints or gastric ulcer with particular reference to reflux-associated gastritis.
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl., (1985), 115 pp. 1-56
[42]
X. Zhang, J. Ouyang, R. Wieczorek, F. DeSoto.
Iron medication-induced gastric mucosal injury.
Pathol-Res Pract., (2009), 205 pp. 579-581