Vol. 12. Núm. 42.
Páginas 2477-2484 (Octubre 2017)

Actualización
Riesgo cardiovascular

Cardiovascular risk

F. Salgado OrdóñezJ. Sanz CánovasR. Pacheco Yepes
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2017.10.001
Opciones
Resumen
Concepto

La arteriosclerosis es una enfermedad sistémica, progresiva y silente que se asocia a condiciones y hábitos de vida potencialmente modificables que se conocen como factores de riesgo vascular (FRV).

Clasificación

Se han identificado seis principales FRV: tabaquismo, obesidad, diabetes, sedentarismo, aumento de la presión arterial y lípidos plasmáticos. Aunque se está investigando el papel de otras variables, genéticas y moleculares, para que expliquen por qué algunos sujetos desarrollan enfermedad cardiovascular a pesar de tener los FRV mencionados bajo control.

Epidemiología

La morbimortalidad cardiovascular está aumentando por el incremento de la diabetes y la obesidad y por la escasa implementación de medidas de control de esta pandemia.

Factores pronósticos

Debemos aprender a estimar el riesgo vascular (RV) de forma global. El modelo más empleado para su cálculo es el SCORE.

Estrategias de prevención

Una vez establecido el RV, se deben marcar los objetivos terapéuticos, para controlar todos los FRV de forma sinérgica y adecuada. Los pacientes con mayor riesgo deben recibir una intervención más precoz e intensiva, pero también debemos proceder a la detección de aterosclerosis subclínica con técnicas no invasivas en personas con un RV próximo al umbral de decisión.

Palabras clave
Factor de riesgo
Riesgo vascular
Prevención cardiovascular
Estrategias de prevención cardiovascular
Abstract
Concept

Arteriosclerosis is a systemic, progressive and silent disease that is associated with potentially modifiable life habits and conditions, which are known as cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs).

Classification

We have identified 6 main CRFs: nicotine addiction, obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, increased blood pressure and increased plasma lipid concentrations. However, the role of other variables (genetic and molecular) is being investigated to explain why some patients develop cardiovascular disease despite having the abovementioned CRFs under control.

Epidemiology

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is increasing due to the increase in diabetes and obesity and to the scarce implementation of control measures for this pandemic.

Prognostic factors

It is important to learn to estimate the overall cardiovascular risk. The most widely used model for this calculation is the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE).

Prevention strategies

Once the cardiovascular risk has been established, the therapeutic objectives need to be established to control all CRFs synergistically and appropriately. Patients with a higher risk should undergo earlier and more intensive interventions; however, we should also proceed to detect subclinical atherosclerosis with noninvasive techniques in individuals with vascular risk near the decision threshold.

Keywords
Risk factor
Vascular risk
Cardiovascular prevention
Strategies for cardiovascular prevention

Identifíquese

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