Vol. 12. Núm. 83.
Páginas 4885-4894 (Junio 2019)

Actualización
Nefropatías congénitas y hereditarias (II): enfermedad quística

Congenital and inherited nephropathies (II): cystic disease

K.M. Pérez del ValleaB. Hernández SevillanoaD.G. Gaitán TocoraaB. Quiroga GilibG. de Arriba de la Fuenteac
Doi : https://10.1016/j.med.2019.06.023
Opciones
Resumen

Las nefropatías quísticas hereditarias son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que comparten la ocupación del tejido renal por formaciones quísticas que, en muchas ocasiones, favorece el desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica. El quiste renal se define como la dilatación tubular cuatro veces superior al tamaño normal y los quistes pueden ser únicos o múltiples, unilaterales o bilaterales. Algunas entidades se acompañan de manifestaciones clínicas renales y extrarrenales. La más frecuente es la poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante y el resto se consideran enfermedades raras por su baja prevalencia. Su clasificación es compleja, aunque la aplicación de nuevas técnicas genéticas ha permitido mejorar su diagnóstico y establecer nuevos enfoques terapéuticos.

Palabras clave
Quistes renales
Insuficiencia renal
Poliquistosis renal autosómica dominante
Herencia
Abstract

Inherited cystic nephropathies are a heterogeneous group of conditions characterizing by cysts in the kidneys, resulting, in most cases, in chronic renal disease. Renal cyst is defined as a dilation of kidney tubules, about four times normal size. They can be single or multiple cysts, unilateral or bilateral. Renal and extrarenal clinical manifestations are observed in some entities. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases are the most common inherited cystic nephropathies, the remaining show a low prevalence and are considered rare diseases. Their classification is complex. The new genetic techniques have allowed improve their diagnosis and to establish new therapeutic approaches.

Keywords
Kidney cyst
Renal failure
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Heredity

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